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CentOS7编译安装新版LNMP环境

由于公司要求需要最新版的ZABBIX2.4.4需要最新版的系统CENTOS7和新版的LNMP环境,所以本人摸索着使用新版的环境搭建了LNMP系统,环境版本如下:

  • 系统:CentOS 7 x86_64
  • NGINX:nginx-1.7.12
  • 数据库:mariadb-10.0.13
  • PHP:php-5.5.23

首先做一些准备工作,先把centos7的防火墙更换成iptables,可以参见如下链接

centos7防火墙设置iptables

修改成iptables之后就可以清空iptables里面的过滤规则了,然后再关闭selinux服务。记得不要忘了先安装gcc gcc-c++ wget net-tools等功能哦。

首先安装mariadb

应为数据库编译需要很长时间,所以我这里下载的是已经编译好了的二进制包,下载版本为 mariadb-10.0.13-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz 

1、下载二进制包到/usr/local/src 目录下:

 

复制代码 代码如下:
[root@centos74 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@centos74 src]# wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/mariadb-10.0.13/bintar-quantal-amd64/mariadb-10.0.13-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz[/code]

 

2、将压缩包解压到/usr/local 目录下:

[code][root@centos74 src]# tar zvxf mariadb-10.0.13-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/


 

3、创建mariadb 数据初始化目录/data/mysql:

 

复制代码 代码如下:
[root@centos74 src]# mkdir -p /data/mysql

 

4、添加系统用户mysql,禁止登陆系统,同时,将mariadb 数据初始化目录所属主和组都修改为mysql:

复制代码 代码如下:
[root@centos74 src]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql ;chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/

 

5、重命名解压出来的mariadb 目录:

 

复制代码 代码如下:
[root@centos74 src]# mv /usr/local/mariadb-10.0.13-linux-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql

 

6、进入重命名后的目录,初始化mariadb:

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[root@centos74 src]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@centos74 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql
Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/data/mysql' ...
140906 2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: Using mutexes to ref count buffer pool pages
140906 2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
140906 2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
140906 2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
140906 2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
140906 2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
140906 2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
........................................................................
The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.
You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
http://dev.mysql.com
Support MariaDB development by buying support/new features from
SkySQL Ab. You can contact us about this at sales@skysql.com.
Alternatively consider joining our community based development effort:
http://mariadb.com/kb/en/contributing-to-the-mariadb-project/

报错:WARNING: The host 'test4' could not be looked up with resolveip.
解决办法:vim /etc/hosts 在最后一行添加192.168.1.242 test4

报错:./bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决办法:yum -y install libaio-devel libaio

7、复制配置文件到/etc目录覆盖之前的my.cnf:

 

复制代码 代码如下:
[root@centos74 mysql]# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf

cp:是否覆盖"/etc/my.cnf"? y

 

8、复制mysql 启动脚本文件到/etc/init.d 目录下并重命名为mysqld:

复制代码 代码如下:
[root@centos74 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

 

同时修改启动脚本的权限为755:

 

复制代码 代码如下:
[root@centos74 mysql]# chmod 755 !$
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

 

9、编辑启动脚本,定义datadir 路径:

 

复制代码 代码如下:
[root@centos74 mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld

 

定义数据存放路径:
datadir=/data/mysql

10、将mariadb自带命令放入$PATH

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[root@localhost ~]# PATH=$PATH:/etc/init.d/#当前有效,重启shell就失效
[root@localhost ~]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/etc/init.d/" >>/etc/profile
[root@localhost ~]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/" >>/etc/profile
[root@localhost ~]# source !$

11、启动mariadb:

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[root@centos74 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

第二步,开始安装php

这里要先声明一下,针对Nginx的php安装和针对apache的php安装是有区别的,因为Nginx中的php是以fastcgi的方式结合nginx的,可以理解为nginx代理了php的fastcgi,而apache是把php作为自己的模块来调用的。同样的,php官方下载地址: http://www.php.net/downloads.php

下载php

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[rot@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@localhost src]# wget http://am1.php.net/distributions/php-5.5.23.tar.gz

解压php

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[root@localhost src]# tar zxf php-5.5.23.tar.gz

创建相关账户

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[root@localhost src]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm

配置编译参数

 

复制代码 代码如下:
[root@localhost src]# cd php-5.5.23
[root@localhost src]# yum -y install gcc make gd-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libxml2-devel bzip2-devel libcurl-devel
[root@localhost php-5.5.23]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=mysqlnd  --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl --enable-bcmath --enable-mbstring --enable-sockets --with-gd --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local --with-gettext

 

错误:configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.
解决办法:yum -y install libxml2-devel

错误:configure: error: Please reinstall the libcurl distribution -easy.h should be in <curl-dir>/include/curl/
解决办法:yum -y install libcurl-devel

错误:configure: error: jpeglib.h not found.
解决办法:yum -y install libjpeg-turbo-devel

错误:configure: error: png.h not found.
解决办法:yum -y install libpng-devel

错误:configure: error: freetype-config not found.
解决办法:configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt.

错误:configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt.
解决办法:yum -y install libmcrypt-devel

安装php

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[root@localhost php-5.3.27]# make && make install

以上每一个步骤,如果没有完全执行正确,那么下一步是无法进行的,使用 echo $? 看结果是否为 “0” , 如果不是,就是没有执行正确。

修改配置文件

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cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

把如下内容写入该文件:

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[global]
pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www]
listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
listen.owner = nobody
listen.group = nobody
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024

保存配置文件后,检验配置是否正确的方法为:

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -t

如果出现诸如 “test is successful” 字样,说明配置没有问题。

启动php-fpm

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cp /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
service php-fpm start

如果想让它开机启动,执行:

chkconfig php-fpm on

检测是否启动:

ps aux |grep php-fpm

看看是不是有很多个进程(大概20多个)。

安装nginx

下载nginx

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cd /usr/local/src/
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.7.12.tar.gz

解压nginx

tar zxvf nginx-1.7.12.tar.gz

配置编译参数

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cd nginx-1.7.12
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_sub_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-pcre

报错:./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
解决办法:yum -y install pcre-devel

报错:./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.
解决办法:yum install -y zlib-devel

编译nginx

make

安装nginx

make install

编写nginx启动脚本,并加入系统服务

vim /etc/init.d/nginx

写入如下内容:

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#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
 
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
 
start() {
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
    daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    return $RETVAL
}
 
stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
    rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    return $RETVAL
}
 
reload(){
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    return $RETVAL
}
 
restart(){
    stop
    start
}
 
configtest(){
  $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
  return 0
}
 
case "$1" in
 start)
    start
    ;;
 stop)
    stop
    ;;
 reload)
    reload
    ;;
 restart)
    restart
    ;;
 configtest)
    configtest
    ;;
 *)
    echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
    RETVAL=1
esac
 
exit $RETVAL

保存后,更改权限:

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chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig --add nginx

如果想开机启动,请执行:

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chkconfig nginx on

更改nginx配置

首先把原来的配置文件清空:

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> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

“>” 这个符号为重定向的意思,单独用它,可以把一个文本文档快速清空。

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vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

写入如下内容:

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user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
 
events
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 6000;
}
 
http
{
  include mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
  server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
  log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
  '$host "$request_uri" $status'
  '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush on;
  keepalive_timeout 30;
  client_header_timeout 3m;
  client_body_timeout 3m;
  send_timeout 3m;
  connection_pool_size 256;
  client_header_buffer_size 1k;
  large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
  request_pool_size 4k;
  output_buffers 4 32k;
  postpone_output 1460;
  client_max_body_size 10m;
  client_body_buffer_size 256k;
  client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
  proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
  fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
  fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
  tcp_nodelay on;
  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length 1k;
  gzip_buffers 4 8k;
  gzip_comp_level 5;
  gzip_http_version 1.1;
  gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm application/xml;
 
server
{
  listen 80;
  server_name localhost;
  index index.html index.htm index.php;
  root /usr/local/nginx/html;
 
  location ~ \.php$ {
    include fastcgi_params;
    fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
    fastcgi_index index.php;
    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
  }
 
}
 
}

保存配置后,先检验一下配置文件是否有错误存在:

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/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

如果显示内容如下,则配置正确,否则需要根据错误提示修改配置文件:

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

启动nginx:

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service nginx start

如果不能启动,请查看 “/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log” 文件,检查nginx是否启动:

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ps aux |grep nginx

看是否有进程。

测试是否解析php文件

创建测试文件:

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vim /usr/local/nginx/html/2.php

内容如下:

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<?php echo phpinfo();?>

测试:

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[root@localhost nginx]# curl localhost/2.php

或者使用浏览器打开http://YourServerIPAddress/2.php

重要:如果解析不了,检查日志发现连接不到php,我的php版本为5.5.23,比较新的版本,需要在php/etc/php-fpm.conf文件中添加

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listen.owner = nobody
listen.group = nobody

这两行,再重启一下服务就能使用php了

原因是/tmp/php-fcgi.sock这个文件没有读权限

至此,最新版的LNMP环境源码编译安装完成了

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